real learning is a self-organizing process where there is very little ego involved. all power is given to the learner’s curiosity and his next “rational” step (given he has autonomy). by rational step, I mean: he knows better (more than anyone) what he should learn next. Occasionally, he will need help “from the central government”, or, mentors who guide him, but this will be minimal, just as in a localist system.

the opposite of bottom up learning (curiosity and next “rational” step) is the top down school curriculum.

Mentors can be helpful in advising what is the best way to approach something. He can explain that to get to point B (make music, invest judiciously), he must learn the fundamentals (music theory, how markets work, different asset classes, etc). The student will gladly, not forcefully, learn the fundamentals