[...] design theorist Richard Buchanan’s influential paper ‘Wicked Problems in Design Thinking’ (1992) borrowed the notion of wicked problems (Rittel and Webber 1973) in order to shift design discourses from the tangible (artefacts) to the intangible (systems, organisations, experiences), in so doing opening the way for further developments of the practice, notably towards ‘design thinking’.5 Buchanan argues that ‘designers are concerned with conceiving and planning a particular that does not yet exist’ (1992: 17), thus insisting on the open-ended future implications of design. For both Simon and Buchanan the implications are clear: design is always future oriented, as it is constantly engaged with turning what is into what could, might or ought be.